6. Presentation Layer
| Protocol Name | Description | Common Usage |
|---|---|---|
| SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) | A protocol used to establish secure connections between networked devices, primarily through encryption and authentication. | Used for securing communications in HTTPS, email (SMTPS), and other protocols. |
| TLS (Transport Layer Security) | The successor to SSL, it provides secure communication by encrypting data and ensuring data integrity and authentication. | Used in web browsing (HTTPS), email encryption, and securing other network protocols. |
| ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) | A character encoding standard for representing text and control characters in computers. | Used for text files, communication protocols, and data exchange. |
| EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) | A character encoding system used by IBM mainframe and midrange computer systems. | Commonly used in legacy systems, especially in large enterprise environments like banking and insurance. |
| JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) | A standard for compressing digital images, mainly for reducing file sizes while maintaining quality. | Used widely for storing images, especially on the web and in photography. |
| GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) | A format for image compression that supports animation. | Commonly used for simple animations and images on websites. |
| MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) | A set of standards for encoding video and audio data for digital compression. | Used in streaming, video conferencing, and multimedia file storage (e.g., MP4). |
| TLS Record Protocol | Provides basic security services to higher layer protocols by ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data. | Often used in HTTPS, VPNs, and securing email transmission. |
| Base64 | A binary-to-text encoding scheme that is used to encode binary data (such as images or files) for transmission over text-based protocols. | Commonly used in email encoding (MIME), data URLs, and embedding binary data in XML or JSON. |
| X.509 | A standard for public key infrastructure (PKI) certificates used to authenticate the identity of entities in a network. | Used in SSL/TLS for certificates, email encryption, and digital signatures. |
| JPEG2000 | A format for image compression that offers superior quality and more efficient compression compared to JPEG. | Used in medical imaging, digital libraries, and digital cinema. |
| XML (Extensible Markup Language) | A flexible markup language designed to store and transport data in a human-readable format. | Widely used for document storage, web services (SOAP), and data interchange. |
| JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) | A lightweight data-interchange format that is easy to read and write for humans and machines. | Used extensively in web applications for data exchange between client and server. |
In summary, Layer 6 focuses on the representation of data, including how it's formatted, compressed, encrypted, or converted between different data formats before it’s passed on to the application layer for further processing.