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Research Notes

How to find, read, record, write up and share research, with the tools that make each step easier. Writing: LaTex. Citations: BibTeX.

The research workflow

flowchart LR
    Q[1. Question] --> F[2. Find papers]
    F --> R[3. Read]
    R --> N[4. Take notes]
    N --> W[5. Write]
    W --> C[6. Cite]
    C --> S[7. Share]
    N -. new questions .-> Q

1. Ask a sharp question

  • Write the question in one sentence, then the claim you expect to defend.
  • Note what would change your mind. It tells you what evidence to look for.
  • Decide the scope: one system, one dataset, one comparison.

2. Find papers

Source Good for
Google Scholar Broad search, "cited by", "related articles"
arXiv Free preprints in computer science, maths and physics
Semantic Scholar Search with summaries and citation context
DBLP Computer science authors and venues
ACM Digital Library / IEEE Xplore Conference and journal papers (often behind a paywall; many universities have access)
Papers with Code Papers linked to implementations (machine learning)

Tips: start from a good survey; follow references backwards (what it builds on) and citations forwards (who built on it); note the venue and year so you can judge quality.

3. Read efficiently: the three passes

  1. Pass one (5 to 10 min): title, abstract, introduction, headings, conclusion. Decide whether it is worth more time.
  2. Pass two (about 1 hour): read the figures, tables and main argument. Skip the proofs. Mark references to follow.
  3. Pass three (hours): reconstruct the work in your head: challenge every assumption, find the weak spots.

Questions to answer for every paper: What problem? What is new? How was it tested? What are the limits? Would I trust it?

4. Take useful notes

One note per paper, plus a table that compares them.

# Author, Year: Short title
**Link / DOI:**  **Venue:**
**Problem:** one sentence
**Method:** how it works, in my words
**Results:** numbers that matter (dataset, metric, baseline)
**Limits:** what it does not show
**Ideas for me:** what to try or cite it for
**Rating:** 1 to 5  **Status:** to read / read / cited

Literature matrix (the table that makes the writing easy)

Paper Problem Method Data Result Limits
A (2023) ... ... ... ... ...
  • Link paper notes and concept notes with wikilinks (double square brackets); the links become your map of the field.
  • Keep a research log: date, what you tried, what happened, what next. Future you will need it.
  • Put quotes in quote marks with the page number, so you never plagiarise by accident.

5. Manage references

Tool Notes
Zotero Free, open source; browser button saves papers and metadata; PDF annotation; exports .bib
JabRef Free, open source; works directly on .bib files, good with LaTeX
Mendeley Popular reference manager

Save the PDF and metadata at the moment you find a paper. Use stable citation keys (smith2023graphs). Details in BibTeX.

6. Write

  • Outline first: problem, gap, contribution, method, evidence, limits.
  • State your contribution in the introduction, plainly.
  • One idea per paragraph; figures and tables should be understandable with their captions alone.
  • Draft in LaTex (Overleaf for teams, local for control).
  • Write for a reader who is smart but busy: define terms, avoid padding.

7. Share and make it reproducible

  • Preprint on arXiv or an institutional repository so others can read it free.
  • Code and data in a public repository; fix versions of dependencies (requirements.txt, lock files) and record random seeds.
  • Archive a release on Zenodo to get a DOI; link it from the paper. (Zenodo can archive GitHub releases automatically.)
  • Add a CITATION.cff file so GitHub shows a "Cite this repository" box. See Versioning and Releases.
  • Get an ORCID to identify yourself across papers.
  • Choose licences deliberately: code (Open Source licences), text and data (Creative Commons).

Common mistakes

  • Reading without recording: you will re-read it again in six months.
  • Collecting PDFs and never writing notes.
  • Citing a paper you only read the abstract of.
  • Trusting a result with no baseline, no error bars or no code.
  • Leaving the literature search to the end.
  • Forgetting to back up the .bib file and notes.

Notes in this section

  • LaTex: typesetting papers, reports and slides.
  • BibTeX: references and citations.